Key Characteristics:
- Barbels evident from hatching
- Adipose fin
- Bulbous yolk
- Advanced fin development
- Myomeres total 45-48
- Spines present at young age
- Pigmentation body transparent at a young age
- 15-42 mm
- Barbs on pectoral spine hooked
- Caudal fin forked
- Maxillary barbels longer than head
- Body slender
Dr. Auer’s Dichotomous Key (Yolk-Sac Larvae)
- Body not elongated, eel-shaped, round in transverse section, uniformly pigmented (1B)
- Chin barbels present (2A)
- Ictaluridae
- Barbs present on postior margin of pactorsal spine (1A)
- Caudal fin forked or notched; anal fin rays 25 to 29 (2A)
- Ictaluridae
Adult History
- Physical Description
- Forked tail, adipose fin, curved anal fin (24-29 rays), upper jaw extends its lower jaw, gray/silver back and sides, black spots on sides, long barbels around mouth (2 on upper jaw/4 on lower jaw), and a single dorsal fin (1 spine and 6-7 rays)
- Spawning Habitat
- Dark areas of shores in lakes, rivers, and muddy ponds
- Tolerates muddy (turbid water)
- Spawning Substrate
- Eggs are deposited under rocks, logs, and banks
- On muddy bottoms
- Within man-made containers
- Spawning Behavior
- Nests are constructed by the males in holes or burrow
- Female deposits eggs & protects her eggs from a distance
- Males guard the eggs and young until the nest is vacant
- Both males and females provide food sources for juveniles
- Most active at night
- Find a single mate during each spawning season
- Nests are constructed by the males in holes or burrow
- Time of Year
- April – July in Great Lake Basin
- Spawning typically takes place at water temperatures of 70 – 85°F
- Diet
- Omnivore
- Birds, amphibians, snakes, insects, crustaceans, seeds, algae, phytoplankton, plant matter, and small fish